What are VTuber Models? Exploring 2D, 3D, and PNG Avatar Types

Definition

A “VTuber model,” often referred to as a “virtual avatar,” represents the designed appearance of a VTuber. Since VTubers don’t reveal their real faces, they rely on these virtual representations to connect with their audience. Much like first impressions in real life, a VTuber model plays a crucial role in success. Most VTubers invest significant resources before debuting, hiring professional illustrators and modelers to carefully craft every detail, from facial expressions and outfits to accessories.

According to insights shared by Japanese VTuber modelers, even after completing a model, around 40% of VTubers ultimately decide not to debut. This high dropout rate shows how challenging it is to succeed as a VTuber!

Types of VTuber Models

VTuber models can generally be categorized into three types:

PNGtuber Model

This is the most budget-friendly option, requiring only a single PNG image. The image lights up in response to microphone activity when the VTuber speaks. However, it has notable limitations: no facial tracking or dynamic interactions with the audience, which can make long streams less engaging. PNGtuber models are often used temporarily, such as when a VTuber streams with friends or their character designer, creating a simple representation for the occasion.

2D VTuber Model

From major companies like Hololive and Nijisanji to independent creators, most VTubers start with a 2D model. The process begins with an illustrator creating a live2D design, followed by a modeler rigging it with specialized software. This rigging adds a virtual skeleton, allowing the character to mimic the performer’s facial expressions and movements via camera tracking.

The cost of a 2D VTuber model typically ranges from $300 to $2,000, depending on the complexity and customization. Fully bespoke designs or those by renowned illustrators can exceed $5,000, or even $10,000 for top-tier work.

3D VTuber Model

Transitioning to a 3D model marks a significant milestone. It enables richer audience interactions and activities like dancing, fitness routines, and more complex performances. However, creating a 3D model is expensive, especially with the addition of motion capture equipment for full-body tracking. As a result, 3D models are often seen in major agencies, while independent VTubers might rely on crowdfunding, typically targeting goals of $10,000 to $30,000.

For those with tighter budgets, software like VRoid Studio or Ready Player Me provides a more accessible way to create a 3D avatar. These tools are popular for entry-level creators, though they lack the refinement of professional models.

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